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References

  1. Talking together about bladder control. The Canadian Continence Foundation. 2001, pp. 1-18.
  2. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, 17th Edition, 1999.
  3. Abrams, P. et al. The Overactive Bladder - A widespread and treatable condition. 1998; Erik Sparre Medical AB.
  4. Abrams, P. et al. The Standardisation of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function: Report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn 2002; 21: 167-178.
  5. Corcos J, et al. Prevalence of Overactive Bladder and Incontinence in Canada. Can J Urol. 2004;11:2278-2284.
  6. Zinner, N. et al. Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Extended-Release Once-Daily Tolterodine Treatment for Overactive Bladder in Older versus Younger Patients. JAGS 2002; 50:799-807.
  7. Knapp PM. Identifying and treating urinary incontinence - the crucial role of the primary care physician. Postgraduate Med. 1998; 103:279-294.
  8. Brendler, C. M.D. Evaluation of the Urologic Patient. History, Physical Examination, and Urinalysis. Campbell's Urology 7th ed. Vol 1, pp. 131-157.
  9. Chaliha, C. Mixed Incontinence, Urology 2004; 63 (Supplement 3A):51-57.
  10. Presti, J. et al. Urology. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 1997, pp. 854-891.
  11. Jackson, S. The Patient with an Overactive Bladder-Symptoms and Quality-of-life Issues. Urology 1997; 50 (suppl 6A):18-22.
  12. IPSOS - OAB Sufferers Study, January 2004.
  13. Incontinence: Silent No More. Seniors Info Exchange, Health Canada, 1999, pp. 1-18.
  14. Detrol Product Monograph, Pfizer Canada Inc., February 2006.
  15. Detrol LA Product Monograph, Pfizer Canada Inc., February 2006.
  16. Ditropan Prescribing Information. CPS, 2004.
  17. Ditropan XL Prescribing Information. CPS, 2004.
  18. Enablex Product Monograph, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc., November 2005.
  19. Oxytrol Product Monograph, Watson Pharma Inc., 2004.
  20. Trosec Product Monograph, Oryx Pharmaceuticals Inc., April 2006.
  21. Urispas Prescribing Information. CPS, 2002.
  22. Uromax Product Monograph, Purdue Pharma, November 2005.
  23. Vesicare Product Monograph, Astellas Pharma Canada Inc., February 2006.
  24. Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 25th Edition, 1990.
  25. Arnold, R. et al. The relative contribution of domains of quality of life to overall quality of life for different chronic diseases. Quality of Life Research 2004; 13:883-896.


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  • ™Detrol is a trademark of Pfizer Enterprises SARL, Pfizer Canada Inc., licensee
  • ®Ditropan is a registered trademark used under license by Jansson-Ortho Inc.
  • ®Enablex is a registered trademark of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc.
  • ®Oxytrol is a registered trademark used under license by Paladin Labs Inc.
  • ™Trosec is a trademark of Oryx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • ®Urispas is a registered trademark used under license by Paladin Labs Inc.
  • ®Uromax is a registered trademark of Purdue Pharma.
  • ®Vesicare is a registered trademark of Astellas Pharma Canada Inc.